Dual-chamber Pacemaker implant

Dual chamber pacemakers typically use two leads, one placed in the right atrium and the second one placed in the right ventricle. The electrical pulses delivered to the heart are timed so that the atria are stimulated to contract just before the ventricles. The timing ensures the atria and the ventricles are beating "in sync" with one another. A dual chamber pacemaker can be selected for many different reasons. For some, SA node signals are too slow and electrical pathway to the ventricles gets partially or completely blocked. And for others, the timing of the Atria and Ventricle contractions are uncoordinated (asynchronous).

Pacemaker Implantation

During pacemaker insertion, the doctor makes a small insertion near your collar bone, to gain access to the vein. The pacemaker lead is then inserted into the vein, into the heart, where the tip of the lead rests directly against the heart’s inner wall. Sinus Node & AVNRT Ablation Catheter Ablation is a non-surgical procedure used to ablate (destroy) parts of an abnormal electrical pathway that is causing a heart rhythm problem. During catheter ablation, doctors insert an electrode catheter (a long, flexible wire) into the heart. They place the catheter so that it lies near the abnormal pathway. They then pass heat energy through it. The tip of the catheter heats up and destroys the small area of heart tissue where the abnormal pathway is. Electrophysiology Study (EP) An Electrophysiology Study is an accurate method for assessing the heart's electrical system. It allows doctors to locate abnormal sites inside the heart that may be causing serious arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms). During an EP study, doctors insert special electrode catheters (long, flexible wires) into the heart. Once inside, these catheters can sense electrical activity in different areas of the heart. They can also be used to deliver tiny impulses and stimulate (or pace) parts of the heart.

Tilt Table Test

The Tilt Table Test is used to determine a cause of syncope (fainting or loss of consciousness). There can be different reasons people experience syncope. For some people it is related to an abnormal nervous system reflex causing the heart to slow and the blood vessels to dilate (open up) lowering the blood pressure. When this happens there is a reduced amount of blood to the brain causing one to faint. This type of syncope is called vasovagal, neurocardiogenic or abnormal vasoregulatory syncope and is considered benign (not dangerous or life-threatening), except for the injuries that can happen when one faints unexpectedly. The Tilt Table Test is performed to reproduce (bring on) symptoms of syncope while the person is being closely monitored.

Cardiac Stress Test

A cardiac stress test is a medical test that indirectly reflects arterial blood flow to the heart during physical exercise. When compared to blood flow during rest, the test reflects imbalances of blood flow to the heart's left ventricular muscle tissue – the part of the heart that performs the greatest amount of work pumping blood.

Sinus Node & AVNRT Ablation

Catheter Ablation is a non-surgical procedure used to ablate (destroy) parts of an abnormal electrical pathway that is causing a heart rhythm problem. During catheter ablation, doctors insert an electrode catheter (a long, flexible wire) into the heart. They place the catheter so that it lies near the abnormal pathway. They then pass heat energy through it. The tip of the catheter heats up and destroys the small area of heart tissue where the abnormal pathway is.

Electrophysiology Study (EP)

An Electrophysiology Study is an accurate method for assessing the heart's electrical system. It allows doctors to locate abnormal sites inside the heart that may be causing serious arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms). During an EP study, doctors insert special electrode catheters (long, flexible wires) into the heart. Once inside, these catheters can sense electrical activity in different areas of the heart. They can also be used to deliver tiny impulses and stimulate (or pace) parts of the heart.

Electromyography and Nerve Conduction Velocities

Diagnosis of neuromuscular disease hinges on a doctor's ability to identify a specific defect of neuromuscular function. Sometimes, a doctor can infer this functional defect - and the disease associated with it - by giving a physical exam, doing a blood test or looking at the anatomy of nerves and muscles. But other times, the doctor may have to directly evaluate the functions of nerves and muscles and the connections between them by using two complementary techniques - nerve conduction velocity testing (NCVs) and electromyography (EMGs).

Several prescription drugs

Propranolol, Digoxin, Metoprolol,Sotalol, Atenolol, Midodrine,Nadolol

Photos

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